Temperature sensors are the heart of temperature measuring instruments and come in a wide variety of varieties. According to the measurement method, it can be divided into two categories: contact and non-contact, and according to the characteristics of sensor materials and electronic components, it can be divided into two categories: thermal resistance and thermocouple. If you want to make reliable temperature measurements, you need to choose the right temperature sensor for your application. Thermocouples, thermistors, platinum resistors (RTDs), and temperature ICs are the most commonly used temperature sensors in testing.
Advantages and disadvantages of thermistor temperature sensors:
Thermistor temperature sensors are made of semiconductor materials, and most of them have a negative temperature coefficient, that is, the resistance decreases with the increase of temperature. It is the most sensitive temperature sensor because the temperature change can cause a large change in resistance, but the linearity of the thermistor is extremely poor and has a lot to do with the production process.
Thermistors are very small and respond quickly to temperature changes, but thermistors require a current source, and their small size makes them extremely sensitive to self-heating errors.
The thermistor measures the absolute temperature on both lines and has better accuracy, but it is more expensive than the thermocouple, and the measurable temperature range is also smaller than the thermocouple. A commonly used thermistor has a resistance of 5 kΩ at 25°C, and every 1 °C temperature change results in a 200 Ω resistance change. Note: A 10Ω lead resistor only causes a negligible error of 0.05°C. It is ideal for current control applications that require fast and sensitive temperature measurements. The small size is advantageous for applications with space requirements, but care must be taken to prevent self-heating errors.
The thermistor is an advantage because it is stable quickly and does not cause a thermal load. However, it is also very unstrong, and high currents will cause self-heating. Since a thermistor is a resistive device, any current source will generate heat due to power on it. The power is equal to the product of the square of the current and the resistance. Therefore, a small current source is used. If the thermistor is exposed to high heat, it will cause permanent damage.
The temperature transmitters produced by Star Meter Manufacturing Co., Ltd. mainly use thermocouples, and their main advantages are a wide temperature range and adaptability to various atmospheric environments, and they are robust, low-cost, and do not require power supply, especially the cheapest.
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